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Exercise and Nutrition
Education
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General Principles and Guidelines
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■ BMI
of 25–30 kg/m2
= overweight;
BMI >30
kg/m2
= obese.
■ 1
lb of body fat = 3500
cal.
■ The
recommended rate of weight loss is 1–2 lb/week.
■ Most
effective way to manage weight is through combination of diet, exercise, and
behavior modification.
■ Too
many calories from any source of carbohydrates, fat, and/or protein promote
weight gain.
■ Serving
sizes of all foods should be managed.
■ Food
pyramid can be used as guide to healthy eating.
■ Exercise
burns calories and assists in weight management.
■ Attempt
to complete 30–60 minutes of exercise each day.
■ Watch
less TV and play fewer video games.
■ Fat
is most concentrated source of calories, and an excessive amount is a contributing
factor of weight gain. Limit fat (9 cal/g) intake to 25%–30% of total
calories/day.
■ Keeping
a food diary enhances successful weight management, and keeping a weekly
graph of weight change is recommended.
■ Limit
fast food to only those establishments that offer low-calorie menu options.
■ Keep
food safe to eat (store foods at proper temperature and check expiration
dates often).
■ Choose
a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol.
■ Choose
and prepare foods with less salt.
■ Choose
a variety of grains daily, especially whole grains.
■ Choose
a variety of fruits and vegetables daily.
■ Consume
6–8 cups (48–64 oz) of water daily.
■ Choose
beverages and foods that limit your intake of sugar and caffeine.
■ If
you drink alcoholic beverages, do so in moderation.
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Sources: Heska, S, et al: Weight loss with self-help compared with a
structured commercial program: a randomized trial. JAMA 289: 14, 2003; and Lutz,
C, and
Przytulski, K: Nutri
Notes: Nutrition and Diet Therapy Pocket Guide. FA Davis, Philadelphia, 2004.
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7/21/14
Exercise and Nutrition Education
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Ways to Enhance Patient Learning
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Ways to Enhance Patient
Learning
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Patient Education: Health information and instruction to help Pt learn about
specific or general medical topics, such as the need for preventive services,
the adoption of healthy lifestyles, or the care of diseases or injuries at
home.
■ Be supportive, positive, and reassuring toward the Pt.
■ Respect the Pt’s values, attitudes, and beliefs.
■ Communicate using culturally appropriate context and terms.
■ Allow Pt to express and consider their own values.
■ Involve Pt (family when appropriate) in the learning
process.
■ Identify Pt’s interests and concerns with their health.
■ Assess Pt’s ability to learn and tailor an individual
teaching plan accordingly.
■ Develop a learning strategy based on Pt’s own life
experiences.
■ Provide information and educational material appropriate
to Pt’s educational level and cognitive abilities.
■ Reinforce Pt education by providing simple-to-read,
written material in addition to oral instructions.
■ Allow Pt to learn at a comfortable pace, and allow time
for new information to be assimilated by Pt.
■ Allow enough time for Pt to ask questions. Answer any
questions completely and thoroughly.
■ Assess efficacy of education, and identify strengths and
weaknesses of Pt’s ability and willingness to learn.
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