Erikson’s Developmental Stages

Erikson’s Developmental Stages
Stage	Age	(+) Outcome	(—) Outcome
Trust vs. Mistrust	Birth–18 months	Strong bonds, trust in mothering figure	Inability to bond, insecure, distrustful
Autonomy vs. Shame or Doubt	18 months–3 years	Independence, some self-esteem	Doubtful of own ability, dependent
Initiative vs. Guilt	3–6 years	Sense of purpose and ability	Immobilized by guilt, dependent
Industry vs. Inferiority	6–12 years	Self-confidence by doing and achieving	Sense of inferiority, inability to achieve
Identity vs. Role Confusion	12–20 years	Secure sense of self, positive ideals	Confusion, inability to make decisions
Intimacy vs. Isolation	20–30 years	Lasting relationship or commitment	Isolation and fear of commitment
Generativity vs. Stagnation	30–65 years	Creates a family, considers future welfare of others	Stagnation, selfcentered, unfulfilled life and career
Ego Integrity vs. Despair	65–death	Positive sense of self-worth, accepts and prepares for death	Feeling of hopelessness, fears and denies death