Methods of oxygen administration

Type of system

Flow rate (l/min)

Approximate oxygen concentration delivered

Benefits

Problems

Nursing care

LOW FLOW SYSTEMS

Nasal cannula

1 2 3 4 5 6

22–24% 26–28% 28–30% 32–36% 36–40% 40–44%

Comfortable. Convenient. Allows client to talk and eat. Mouth breathing will not affect the concentration of delivered oxygen

Unable to deliver concentrations above 44%. Assumes an adequate breathing pattern

Keep nosepieces clean. Evaluate for pressure sores over ears, cheeks and nares. Lubricate nasal prongs

Simple face mask

5–6 6–7 7–8

40% 50% 60%

If client’s ventilatory needs exceed the flow of gas, the holes at the side permit air entry. Can deliver higher levels of oxygen than nasal cannulae

Mask needs to be removed for eating and drinking. Tight seal can cause facial irritation. May cause anxiety in some people, especially children. Can feel hot and claustrophobic

Mask should be removed and cleaned several times a day. Powdering of face may make mask more comfortable. Good oral hygiene essential

HIGH FLOW SYSTEMS

Venturi mask

3 6 8

24% 26% 28% 30% 35% 40% 50%

This mask is designed to deliver accurate concentrations of oxygen

May irritate the face and skin. Interferes with eating and drinking. Tight seal needed, increasing risk to skin integrity. Condensation may collect within the system

As with simple face mask. Ensure tight fit at all times

Oxygen hood

10–12

Oxygen analyser usually fitted

Covers head leaving body free. Ideal for infants

Can feel claustrophobic

Monitoring of eye condition crucial

Tracheostomy mask

If client’s needs exceed the flow of gas, the holes at the side permit air entry

Tight seal can cause irritation and soreness

Mask should be removed and cleaned several times a day