Disturbance in Fluid Balance

1. Fluid deficit – negative fluid balance – dehydration fluid loss exceeds the fluid intake.
Causes: - fluid defect is caused by:
Excess fluid loss:
(a) From GIT – vomiting and diarrhea
(b) Excessive perspiration 􀀅 increase fever, exposure to high environmental temperature.
(c) Hemorrhage
(d) Excess of solute
(e) Chronic venal diseases
(f) Wounds – especially big wounds

2. Decreased fluid intake due to:
(a) Inability to swallow
(b) Lack of available fluid
(c) Lack of thirst sensation

3. Deficiency of electrolyte
(a) Deficiency of aldostrone – during addson’s disease
(b) Relative decrease of electrolyte