Volume
expanders include albumin, dextran, and hetastarch. Often the term colloid is used to refer to all
volume expanders.
■ Protein
solutions: Albumin, plasma, and commercial
plasmas (e.g., Plasmanate).
■ Dextran:
Complex, synthetic sugar, metabolized slowly, does not
stay in the vascular space as long as a colloid.
■ Hetastarch:
Synthetic colloid that works similarly to Dextran.
Volume Expanders (Colloids)
|
||
Solution
|
Components
|
Indications
|
Albumin
5% and 25%
|
Human plasma
protein
|
■ 5%—To
expand
volume and
mobilize interstitial
edema
■ 25%—To
treat
hypoproteinemia
|
Plasma
Plasmanate
Plasma protein
fraction (PPF)
|
Contains human
plasma proteins
in NS
|
■ To
increase serum
colloid osmotic
pressure
|
Dextran
40 and 70
|
Synthetic colloid
made of glucose
polysaccharides
|
■ To
expand volume
■ To
mobilize
interstitial edema
|
Hetastarch
Hespan
|
Synthetic colloid
made from corn
|
■ To
expand volume
■ To
mobilize
interstitial edema
|
Blood and Blood Products
|
||
Product
|
Components
|
Indications
|
Whole Blood
|
Contains all blood
products
|
■ Rarely
used may be
given emergently to
an exsanguinating
patient
|
Packed Red
Blood Cells
(PRBCs)
|
No clotting factors
or platelets, 80%
plasma removed
|
■ To
treat acute and
chronic anemia,
blood loss
|
Platelets
|
Usually given in
pools of 6–10
units
|
■ To
increase low
platelet counts or
treat coagulopathies
■ One
unit will
generally increase
platelet count by
6000 units
|
Fresh Frozen
Plasma
(FFP)
|
Plasma and
clotting factors
|
■ To
replace clotting
factors, e.g., after
multiple transfusions
(>6 units PRBCs), or
to reverse the effects
of Coumadin
|
Cryoprecipitate
|
Clotting factors
|
■ To
treat hemophilia,
fibrinogen deficiency,
DIC
|
Autologous Blood Donation/Transfusion
■ A procedure for collecting
and storing a Pt’s own blood several weeks before its anticipated need by the
Pt.
■ Salvage of blood normally
lost during a surgical procedure.
■ Used to prevent the transmission
of disease from donor blood. It is not without risk: stored blood may still
become contaminated.
0 comments:
Post a Comment