Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Definition: Disease of peripheral blood vessels characterized by narrowing and hardening of arteries that supply legs and feet. Decreased blood flow results in nerve and tissue damage to extremities. Incidence: PAD is a very common disorder and is most common in men >50 years old. Onset: Similar to CAD, PAD has gradual onset and is asymptomatic until secondary complications develop. Etiology: Atherosclerosis is primary cause of PAD. Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, CAD, atrial fibrillation, CVA, and renal disease. Clinical Findings: Intermittent claudication (leg pain on activity that is relieved with rest), weak or absent peripheral pulses, pallor or cyanosis, numbness, cool extremities, and minimal to no hair growth on extremities. Nursing Focus ■ Assess and monitor distal circulation and sensory and motor function. ■ Prevent pressure sores with frequent position changes and assessment. ■ Encourage and assist with frequent ambulation. Patient Teaching ■ Provide Pt and family with literature on PAD. ■ Encourage light to moderate activity alternated with periods of rest. ■ Explain options available for smoking cessation. ■ Teach Pt to reduce intake of saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol. ■ Explain proper foot care such as wearing shoes that fit properly (avoid open-toed/heeled shoes), keeping feet clean and dry, and minimizing risk of injury by never going barefoot. Inspect bottom of feet daily for injuries. ■ Encourage leg exercises (ankle rotations) and/or a walking regimen. ■ Explain dosages, route, actions, and adverse reactions of meds.