1. Systolic pressure: is the pressure of the blood as a result of contraction of the ventricle (is the pressure of the blood at the height of the blood wave);
2. Diastolic blood pressure: is the pressure when the ventricles are at rest.
3. Pulse pressure: is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure Blood pressure is measured in mm Hg and recorded as fraction. A number of conditions are reflected by changes in blood pressure.
• An increase in blood pressure is called hypertension; a decrease is called hypotension.
Conditions Affecting Blood Pressure
Fever Increase
Stress "
Arteriosclerosis "
Obesity "
Hemorrhage Decrease
Low hematocrit "
External heat "
Exposure to cold Increase
Sites for Measuring Blood Pressure
1. Upper arm - using brachial artery (commonest)
2. Thigh around - popliteal artery
3. Fore arm - using radial artery
4. Leg - using posterior tibial or dorsal pedis
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