1. Age: as age increase the PR gradually decreases. New born to 1 month – 130 BPM 80-180 (range) Adult 80 BPM (beat per minute) – 60 – 100 BPM (beat per minute)
2. Sex: after puberty the average males PR is slightly lower than female
3. Exercise: PR increase with exercise
4. Fever: increases PR in response to the lowered B/P that results from peripheral vasodilatation – increased metabolic rate
5. Medications: digitalis preparation decreases PR, Epinephrine– increases PR
6. Heat: increase PR as a compensatory mechanism
7. Stress: increases the sympathetic nerve stimulation – increases the rate and force of heart beat
8. Position changes: when a patient assumes a sitting or standing position blood usually pools in dependent vessels of the venous system. Pooling results in a transient decrease in the venous blood return to heart and subsequent decrease in BP increases heart rate.
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