Ceftazidime

Ceftazidime - a third generation cephalosporin whose activity against Gram ve organisms,most notably S.aureus,is diminished in comparison with secondgeneration cephalosporins, while action against Gram ve organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is enhanced. Ceftazidime is not active against enterococci, MRSA or Bacteroides spp.

Uses:
Acute epiglottitis due to Haemophilus influenzae
Meningitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Intra-abdominal infections including peritonitis
Nosocomial pneumonia
Urinary tract infections
Severe sepsis of unknown origin
Febrile neutropenia

Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins
Serious penicillin hypersensitivity (10% cross-sensitivity)
Porphyria

Administration:
• IV: 2 g 8 hourly

Reconstitute with 10 ml WFI, given over 3–5 min

Infection	Dose (g)	Interval (h)
Mild–moderate	0.5–1	12
Moderate–serious	1	8
Life-threatening	2	8

In renal impairment:

CC (ml/min)	Dose (g)	Interval (h)
31–50	1–2	12
16–30	1–2	24
6–15	0.5–1	24
<5	0.5–1	48

Adverse effects

Hypersensitivity

Transient ↑ LFTs

Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea

Cautions:

Renal impairment (reduce dose)

Concurrent use of nephrotoxic drugs (aminoglycosides, loop diuretics)

False +ve urinary glucose (if tested for reducing substances)

False +ve Coombs’ test

Renal replacement therapy:

CVVH dialysed, 2 g every 8 hours or 1–2 g every 12 hours. PD dialysed

500 mg–1 g every 24 hours. HD dialysed 500 mg–1 g every 24–48 hours.