Shock Signs and Symptoms

Shock: Signs and Symptoms
Type	Anaphylactic (allergic reaction)	Cardiogenic (pump failure)	Hypovolemic (low volume)	Neurogenic (spinal shock)	Septic (septicemia)
Pathophys	Vasodilatation, fluid shifts, laryngeal and peripheral edema, bronchospasms	↓ CO d/t lack of contractile force, ↓ BP, ↓ tissue perfusion	Decrease in intravascular volume causing decreased tissue perfusion	Profound vasodilatation causing ↓ BP and decreased tissue perfusion	Circulatory failure d/t systemic inflammatory response, capillary leak syndrome, and ↓ tissue perfusion
Etiology	Acute, lifethreatening allergic reaction to a specific antigen	AMI, acute PE, tamponade, right or left vent failure	Low circulating volume d/t burns, hemorrhage, 3rd spacing, trauma, dehydration	Traumatic spinal cord injury, anesthesia	Endotoxin release usually from gramnegative organism
Clinical Findings	Respiratory distress, hypotension, edema, rash, cool, pale skin, possible seizure activity	↑ HR, weak pulses, ↑ cap refill, cyanosis, dysrhythmias, ALOC, cool, clammy skin	↓ BP, ↑ HR, weak pulses, ↑ cap refill, cyanosis, dysrhythmias, ALOC, cool, clammy skin	↓ BP, ↓ HR, bounding pulse, pale, warm, and dry skin	Flushed, warm skin, vasodilatation (early), ↑ temp, ↓ UO (late), vasoconstriction (late)
Interventions	ABCs Oxygen Antihistamine Epinephrine IV fluids Corticosteroids	ABCs Oxygen IV fluids Vasopressors	ABCs Oxygen Control bleeding Immobilize c-spine if trauma IV fluids Colloids	ABCs Immobilize cspine if trauma Oxygen IV fluids Lie flat Vasopressors	ABCs Oxygen IV fluids Blood Cx, UA Sputum C&S Antibiotic therapy Vasopressors