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Respiratory Patterns

Normal (Eupnea
Regular and comfortable at 12—20 breaths/min
Tachypnea
> 20 breaths/min
Bradypnea
< 12 breaths/min
Hyperventilation
Rapid, deep respiration > 20 breaths/min
Apneustic
Neurologic sustained inspiratory effort
Cheyne-Stokes
Neurologic alternating patterns of depth
separated by brief periods of apnea
Kussmaul’s
Rapid, deep, and labored common in DKA
Air Trapping
Difficulty during expiration emphysema


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