Causes of Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD)

Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) A disease of the peripheral blood vessels characterized by narrowing and hardening of the arteries that supply the legs and feet. The decreased blood flow results in nerve and tissue damage to the extremities.

Incidence: PVD is a very common disorder, and is most common in men over 50 years of age.

Onset: Similar to CAD, PVD has a gradual onset and, initially, is asymptomatic until secondary complications develop.

Etiology: Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of PVD. Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, CAD, A-fib, cardiovascular accident (CVA), and renal disease.

Clinical Findings: Intermittent claudication (leg pain upon activity, which is relieved with rest), weak or absent peripheral pulses, pallor or cyanosis, numbness, cool extremities, and minimal to no hair growth on extremities.

Nursing Focus
■ Assess and monitor distal circulation, and sensory and motor function.
■ Prevent pressure sores with frequent position changes and assessment.
■ Encourage and assist with frequent ambulation.

Patient Teaching
■ Provide Pt and family with literature on PVD.
■ Encourage light to moderate activity alternated with periods of rest.
■ Explain options available for smoking cessation.
■ Teach Pt to reduce intake of saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol.
■ Explain proper foot care such as wearing shoes that fit properly (avoid open-toed/heeled shoes), keeping feet clean and dry, and minimizing risk of injury by never going barefoot. Inspect bottom of feet daily for injuries.
■ Encourage leg exercises (ankle rotations) and/or a walking regimen.
■ Explain the dosages, route, actions, and adverse reactions of meds.