Blood Transfusion Reactions

Blood Transfusion Reactions
Type	Cause	Manifestation
Allergic	Sensitivity to foreign proteins.	■ Hives, urticaria, flushing ■ Fever
Febrile, nonhemolytic	Sensitization to donor’s WBC, platelets, and/or plasma proteins.	■ Fever, chills, and flushing ■ HA and muscle aches ■ Respiratory distress ■ Cardiac dysrhythmias
Acute hemolytic	ABO incompatibility reaction to RBC antigens.	■ Fever, chills, and flushing ■ Low back pain ■ Tachycardia and hypotension ■ Vascular collapse ■ Cardiac arrest
Anaphylactic	Administration of donor IgA proteins to recipient with anti-IgA antibodies.	■ Urticaria ■ Restlessness ■ Wheezing ■ Shock and cardiac arrest
Circulatory overload	Infusion of blood at a rapid rate that leads to fluid volume excess.	■ Pulmonary congestion ■ Restlessness ■ Cough, shortness of breath ■ HTN ■ Distended neck veins
Bacteremia	Infusion of blood infected with bacteria.	■ Fever and chills ■ Vomiting and diarrhea ■ Hypotension ■ Septic shock